Ah Hee Diggings. Grant
County.
Ah Hee Diggings is about
one mile north of the community of Granite, next to Granite Creek in the
Granite Mining District. Covering approximately 60 acres, the site shows
evidence of Chinese living facilities, a mess hall, extensive ditch system, and
rows of stacked rock. Records indicate Chinese had worked claims in the area as
early as 1867. See Chinese Walls, Grant County. Reference: Wegars 1995: 34-38, 61-64; Eastern Oregon
Mining Association 1999; Hann n.d.
Ah Hee Reservoir. Grant County.
Ah Hee Reservoir was on
Granite Creek within the Granite Mining District. It was a water holding
facility used for hydraulic mining, feed by small ditches from Granite Creek
and Last Chance Creek. Reference: Wegars 1995: 127; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
Ah Hee Walls. Grant County.
Ah Hee Walls, also known
as Chinese Walls, are located within the Ah Hee Diggings and is the result of
Chinese miners' hand-stacking rocks in a manner that appears to form walls. The
rocks are concentrated by hydraulic mining and must be moved in order to
retrieve the gold and/or allow for further hydraulic and placer mining. See Ah
Hee Diggings, Grant County. Reference: Wegars 1995: 42. Photo.
Ah Heng Mining Complex, Grant County.
Ah Heng Mining Complex, Grant County.
Ah Heng Mining Complex was located on a tributary of the Middle Fork John Day River on Forest Service Road 2090. The Ah Heng Company leased 17 acres in 1887. The mine was a combination of placer and hydraulic gold mining. Remnants of a Chinese blacksmith operation are apparent. Reference: Hann, n.d.
Ah Yee Placer Mine, Grant County.
The Ah Yee Placer Mine covered 150 acres of the Vincent Creek drainage area near its confluence with the Middle Fork John Day River. Ah Yee and Company purchased the claims in 1869. Reference: Hann, n.d.
Blue Gulch. Grant County.
The stream in Blue Gulch
flows northward into Canyon Creek north of Canyon City in the Canyon Mining
District. Grant County records and map information indicate Chinese mining
activity in the gulch. Reference: Steeves 1984: 201; U.S.G.S. quadrangle 7.5’ series, John Day, Oregon, 1995; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
Canton Street. Grant County.
Canton Street. Grant County.
Canton Street (today’s NW
Canton Street) was the main street of the John Day Chinatown. See John Day
Chinatown, Grant County. Reference: Barlow and Richardson 1979: 92. Photo.
Canyon Creek. Grant County.
Canyon Creek. Grant County.
Canyon Creek flows north
past Canyon City where it joins the John Day River. It was the center of the
Canyon Creek Mining District. Grant County records and map information indicate
the Chinese mined the creek. Reference: Steeves 1984: 201; U.S.G.S. quadrangle 7.5’ series, John Day, Oregon,
1995; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
Canyon City Chinatown. Grant County.
Canyon City Chinatown
began shortly after 1862 when gold was discovered nearby in what became known
as the Canyon Creek Mining District. The Chinatown had several hundred
occupants, mostly from Sze Yup District near Canton, China. When Canyon City
Chinatown burned in 1885, the Sze Yup relocated to John Day Chinatown where
they became the dominant group, displacing those from Sam Yup. See John Day
Chinatown, Grant County. Reference: Barlow and Richardson 1979: 9, 12, 25;
Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
China Cap. Grant County.
China Cap. Grant County.
China Cap is a peak
standing 3490 feet above sea level. It's somewhat conical shape has an
appearance similar to the peasant hat worn by Chinese in the 1800's. Reference:
U.S.G.S. quadrangle 7.5’ series, Turner Mountain, Oregon, 1980.
China Diggings Mine. Grant County.
China Diggings Mine. Grant County.
China Diggings Mine is on
the west side of nearby Granite Boulder Creek within the Greenhorn Mining
District. It was a site of Chinese placer gold mining. Reference: Wagner 1995; U.S.G.S. quadrangle 7.5’ series, Boulder
Butte, Oregon, 1995; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
China Ditch. Grant County.
The ditch was
constructed by Chinese in order to bring water to the hydraulic mining that
took place near Prairie City within the nearby Canyon Creek Mining District
during the late 1800s. Reference: Edson 1974: 19; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
China Gulch. Grant County.
The stream in China Gulch flows into
Granite Creek within the Granite Mining District. The gulch itself was the site
of extensive gold mining activity. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle 7.5’ series, Granite, Oregon, 1995; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
China Hat Spring. Grant County.
China Hat Spring is
located between Widows Creek in the west and Wikiup Creek in the east. The
spring is within the Canyon Creek Mining District. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Big Weasel Spring, Oregon, 1998; Eastern Oregon
Mining Association 1999.
China Meadow. Grant County.
China Meadow is in the
Granite Mining District and lies between McCarty Creek and Wagner Gulch
approximately ½ mile northwest of the community of Granite. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Silver
Butte, Oregon, 1980; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
China Peak. Grant County.
China Peak. Grant County.
China Peak stands 4449
feet above sea level between Cottonwood Creek and Straight Creek. Its roughly
conical shape has an appearance similar to the peasant hat worn by Chinese in
the 1800s. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ Series, Courthouse Rock,
Oregon, 1980.
Chinaman Trail. Grant County.
Chinaman Trail. Grant County.
Chinaman Trail trends in a
northerly direction from the aqueduct connecting Olive Lake and North Fork
Creek in the North Fork Mining District. Placer gold mining began in the
district in 1860's. Reference: U.S.G.S.
quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Olive Lake, Oregon, 1980; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
Chinese Walls. Grant County.
Chinese Walls are between
the North Fork John Day Campground and the town of Granite along an eight mile
stretch of National Service Forest Road 73. The walls were created by Chinese
placer miners who removed and stacked rocks from and along Granite Creek in
their effort to retrieve gold. Reference: “Recreational Opportunities: Blue
Mountains Scenic Bypass.”; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Granite, Oregon,
1995; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Trout Meadows, Oregon, 1995.
Dixie Creek Chinese Mines. Grant County.
Dixie Creek Chinese Mines. Grant County.
Dixie Creek flows
southward through Prairie City into the John Day River in the Quartzburg Mining
District. Grant County records and map information indicate Chinese mining
activity along Dixie Creek. Reference: Steeves 1984: 201; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Prairie City, Oregon,
1996; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
Dixie Meadow Mine. Grant County.
Dixie Meadow Mine is on
North Fork Dixie Creek that flows into Dixie Creek within the Quartzburg Mining
District. Grant County records and map information indicate Chinese mining
activity in and around the mine. Reference: Steeves 1984: 201; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Dixie Meadows,
Oregon, 1996; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
Dutch Flat. Grant County.
Dutch Flat is adjacent to
Dutch Flat Creek that flows northeast into North Powder River. Grant County
records indicate that Chinese miners were active in the area. Reference:
Steeves 1984: 201; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Rock Creek, Oregon,
1984.
Granite City Chinatown. Grant County.
Granite City Chinatown. Grant County.
Granite Chinatown was on
the upper part of today’s Main Street in Granite City. The Chinatown consisted
of stores, a butcher shop, tailor, residences, etc., serving the needs of the
Chinese miners in the Granite Mining District. The 1870 census reported 365
Chinese with the 1910 census indicating no Chinese living there. Reference: McConnell 1979; U.S.G.S. quadrangle,
7.5’ series, Granite, Oregon, 1995; Wegars 1995: 38, 4; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
Granite Creek. Grant County.
Granite Creek has
hydraulic mine tailings extending about three miles along its course near
Granite City. It was the center of the Granite Creek Mining District. Grant
County records and map information indicate the Chinese placer mined
throughout. Reference: Steeves 1984:
201; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Granite, Oregon, 1995; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
Grant County Historical Museum, Grant County.
The museum is at 101 S. Canyon City Boulevard, Canyon City. It has an exhibit of Chinese artifacts from the area.
Happy Camp Chinese Mining Complex. Grant County.
Happy Camp Chinese Mining Complex was located on Dixie Creek, a tributary of Eagle Creek, and was near the North
Fork Mining District. Chinese miners reworked the tailings from an earlier
hydraulic mining effort. Reference: Steeves 1984: 148; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
Harve Fields Ranch. Grant County.
Harve Fields, owner of one
of the earliest ranches in the John Day Valley, hired only Chinese who worked
as sheepherders, cowboys, and cooks. A Chinese with the nickname, “Buckaroo
Sam,” was the ranch foreman. Sam spent years also working at the Stuart Ranch.
He was a contemporary of Doc Hay. See Kam Wah Chung & Co. Building, Grant
County. Reference: Parks, Annette White 1985; Ooligan Press and Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association 2007: 44-45.
Horseshoe Bar. Grant County.
Horseshoe Bar. Grant County.
Horseshoe Bar is located
at the mouth of Horseshoe Creek where it joins North Fork Malheur River near
the Canyon Creek Mining District. The area was hydraulic mined in the 1880's.
Grant Count records indicate Chinese miners worked the area. Reference: Steeves 1984: 201; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’
series, Little Baldy Mountain, Oregon, 1998; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
Humbolt Mine. Grant County.
The Humboldt Mine,
established in 1862, was one of the earliest along Canyon Creek in the Canyon
Creek Mining District. It was originally a placer operation and by the 1880's,
it employed hydraulic mining techniques. The Chinese who worked there received
5-10% of the annual yield as their share. Reference: Steeves 1984: 113; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
Ing Hay Way. Grant County.
Ing Hay Way. Grant County.
Ing Hay Way joins NW
Canton Street in the town of John Day. The 100-foot-long road leads to the Kam
Wah Chung & Co. building. Reference: Oregon Parks and Recreation Department
2009. Photo.
Ing Hay and Lung On Gravesite, Grant County.
Ing Hay (1864-1952) and Lung On (1863-1940) are buried at Rest Lawn Cemetery, Row 13, town of John Day. Ing Hay was an herbalist and pulseologist while Lung On was a translator and businessman. They owned and operated the Kam Wah Chung & Company together. See Ing Hay Way, Grant County; Kam Wah Chung & Company Building, Grant County; Kam Wah Chung & Company Museum, Grant County; "Lung On (1863-1940)", Grant County; Lung On Car Dealership, Grant County. Reference: Ortnan n.d.
John Day Chinatown. Grant County.
By 1887, the John Day
Chinatown had three stores, a Joss house, laundry, and vegetable gardens. A
fish pond and duck pond occupied depressions left from gold dredging. At its
height, the population was 500-600, with those from the Sze Yup district near
Canton, China displacing those from the Sam Yup District, China. By 1940, the
population was less than 20. The site of the Chinatown is now the John Day City
Park. See Canton Street, Grant County. Reference: Barlow and Richardson 1979:
9, 13, 40, 41; Wegars 1995: 26.
John Day Joss House. Grant County.
John Day Joss House. Grant County.
John Day Joss House was a
one-story structure near the Kam Wah Chung & Co. building in the John Day
Chinatown. The Taoist temple was the spiritual focus of the Chinatown.
Reference: Barlow and Richardson 1979: 111.
Junction Bar. Grant County.
Junction Bar. Grant County.
Junction Bar is located at Junction Creek
where the creek enters South Fork John Day River near the Canyon Creek Mining
District. Grant County records indicate Chinese mined the area. Reference: Steeves 1984: 201; U.S.G.S. quadrangle,
7.5’ series, Suplee Butte, Oregon, 1992; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
Kam Wah Chung & Co. Building. Grant County.
Located in the John Day
Chinatown, the structure was built in 1866-1867 by Chinese. Its thick walls and
iron shutters on the exterior of the building suggest it was originally a
fortified trading post along the Dallas-Boise Military Road. The building was
purchased by Chinese in 1889, eventually becoming the Kam Wah Chung & Co.
store. A second story was added to the store in the 1890's in anticipation of an
increase in business resulting from new nearby gold discoveries and the
prospect of railroad construction. The increase and railroad did not occur. The
last owners were Ing “Doc” Hay, a pulseologist and Lung On, a businessman who
became the first in John Day to install a telephone and electricity. Through
the years, the building served as a general store, medical office, hiring hall,
and post office. After the death of Lung On in 1940, Ing Hay continued to
operate the store until 1948 when illness caused him to relocate to Portland.
Upon his death in 1952, his heir effectively sealed the store, deeding it to
the City of John Day in 1955 with the stipulation that it become a museum. See
Kam Wah Chung & Co. Museum. Reference: McConnell 1979: 57-58; Barlow and Richardson 1979: 13, 28-29, 39, 40; Hagemeier 2004: C1, C8; Mariner, 2018. Photo.
Kam Wah Chung & Co. Museum. Grant County.
The Kam Wah Chung &
Co. building served as a social and economic focus of the John Day Chinatown
from the 1860's to the early 1950's. The heir of Ing Hay, the last owner, gave
the building to the City of John Day in 1955. It sat closed and undisturbed for
years. When work began on converting it to a museum in the 1970's, the building
proved to be a time capsule containing a complete Chinese store of the
nineteenth century. It held artifacts, documents, equipment, furniture, herbal
remedies, food stuffs, dry goods, mining and carpentry tools and more. Having
been the residence of Ing Hay, his daily life was preserved to include a small
Taoist shrine. Converting the store into a museum involved Oregon State Parks
and Recreation, Oregon Department of Transportation, National Park Service,
American Revolution Bicentennial Committee, National Trust, Oregon Historical
Society, and Friends of the Kam Wah Chung Museum. See Kam Wah Chung & Co.
Building, Grant County. Reference: Barlow and Richardson 1979: 13, 28-29, 96. Photo.
Lung On Car Dealership. Grant County.
Lung On Car Dealership. Grant County.
Lung On’s Pontiac car
dealership was on Main Street in the town of John Day. It was the first
automobile dealership in Eastern Oregon and Lung On was probably the first Chinese
American auto dealer in the United States. Adjacent was his service station
known as The Tourist Garage. Reference: “Lung On (1863-1940)”; Powell 1990: 11; Grant County, Oregon. History and Genealogy 1998. Photo.
Marysville Mining Area. Grant County.
The Marysville Mining area
is in the Canyon Creek Mining District about two miles southeast of Canyon
City. It was first mined in 1862. Chinese artifacts have been found throughout
the area. Reference: Steeves 1984: 116; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
Monument Chinatown. Grant County.
Monument Chinatown. Grant County.
Monument Chinatown in the
community of Monument was on present-day Highway 402 at the North Fork John Day
River. When the gold in that part of the Canyon Creek Mining District played
out, the Chinese went to new areas. Reference: McConnell 1979; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Monument,
Oregon, 1995; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
Mount Vernon Chinatown. Grant County.
Mount Vernon Chinatown, in
the community of Mount Vernon on Highway 26, was a short-lived concentration of
Chinese. It quickly disappeared as gold mining in that portion of the Canyon
Creek Mining District diminished. Reference: McConnell 1979; Wegars 1995: 11; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Mount Vernon, Oregon,
1998; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
Olive Creek. Grant County.
Olive Creek joins Clear
Creek which flows into Granite Creek within the Granite Mining District. Grant
County records and map information indicates Chinese miners worked the
extensive placer deposits of Olive Creek. Reference: Steeves 1984: 201; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Granite,
Oregon, 1995; Wegars 1995: 11.
Oriental Creek. Grant County.
Oriental Creek flows south
into North Fork of John Day River within the North Fork Mining District. There
are considerable mine tailings in the area and the name, suggesting placer
mining by the Chinese. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Kelsay Butte, Oregon, 1995; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
Oriental Creek Campground and Trailhead. Grant County.
Oriental Creek Campground and Trailhead is at
the mouth of Oriental Creek. The unimproved Forest Service campground is in the
John Day Wilderness of Umatilla National Forest, approximately 24 miles
southeast of the town of Dale on Forest Service Road 5506. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle,
7.5’ series, Kelsay Butte, Oregon, 1995.
Prairie City Chinatown. Grant County.
Prairie City Chinatown. Grant County.
The small and ephemeral
Prairie City Chinatown served the Chinese miners who worked in the nearby
Greenhorn and Quartzburg Mining Districts. Grant County records indicate that
the Chinese owned mining claims there. Reference: McConnell 1979; Steeves 1984: 201; Wegars 1995: 11; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’
series, Prairie City, Oregon, 1996; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
Red Boy Mine. Grant County.
The Red Boy mine in the
Greenhorn Mining District near Granite City was jointly mined by Chinese and
non-Chinese in 1882. Reference: Steeves 1984: 147; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
Rock Creek. Grant County.
Rock Creek joins the North
Powder River in the Greenhorn Mining District. The creek has experienced
extensive mining activity by Chinese. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Rock Creek Oregon,1984; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
Ruby Creek Chinese Mine. Grant County.
Owned by the Chinese, the
mine was a hydraulic mining operation in the Greenhorn Mining District. Two of
the Chinese miners were hired to work as cooks at the Dixie Meadows Mine.
Reference: Steeves 1984: 148; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’
series, Dixie Meadows, Oregon,1996; Grant County, Oregon. History and Genealogy 1998; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.
Salmon Creek Chinese Placer Mine. Grant County.
Salmon Creek Chinese
Placer Mine is in the Greenhorn Mining District near the junction of Placer
Ditch on Salmon Creek approximately one mile northwest of Robinsonville. The
area has been extensively mined. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Vinegar Hill, Oregon, 1995;
Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; “Celestials: The Chinese in Baker
County” 2004.
Susanville Chinatown. Grant County.
The Chinatown
of Susanville began in 1864. Short lived, it supported the Chinese miners working along the Middle Fork John
Day River in the Susanville and Greenhorn Mining Districts. Reference: McConnell 1979; Wegars 1995: 11; Eastern
Oregon Mining Association 1999; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’
series, Susanville, Oregon, 1999.
Wild Granite Chinese Walls Historic Site. Grant County.
Wild Granite Chinese Walls
Historic Site is on the north side of National Forest Service Road 73
approximately 1.6 miles north of the town of Granite. The specific place is
representative of the rock stacking done by Chinese placer miners in their
effort to retrieve placer gold. On December 20, 1981, the National Park Service
certified Chinese Walls as a national historic site. See Chinese Walls, Grant
County. Reference: U.S.G.S.
quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Granite, Oregon, 1995; “Wild Granite Chinese Walls Historic Site.
References
Barlow, Jeffrey and
Christine Richardson. 1979. China Doctor of John Day. Portland, Oregon:
Binford and Mort.
“Celestials: The Chinese in Baker County.” http://www.oregongenealogy.com/ Accessed October 18, 2010.
Eastern Oregon Mining Association. 1999. Oregon Gold Mining: Grant County Gold Districts. http://www.h2oaccess.com/ Accessed November 1, 2010.
Edson, Christopher H. 1974. The Chinese in Eastern Oregon. San Francisco: R&E Research Associates.
Grant County, Oregon. History and Genealogy. 1998. http://www.gesswhoto.com/ Accessed November 2, 2010.
Hagemeier, Heidi. 2004. “Ghosts of Chinatown.” The Bulletin. May 16: C1, C8.
Hann, Don. N.d. "Ah Hee Diggings." https://exploringapaheritage.com/ Accessed April 23, 2019.
“Celestials: The Chinese in Baker County.” http://www.oregongenealogy.com/ Accessed October 18, 2010.
Eastern Oregon Mining Association. 1999. Oregon Gold Mining: Grant County Gold Districts. http://www.h2oaccess.com/ Accessed November 1, 2010.
Edson, Christopher H. 1974. The Chinese in Eastern Oregon. San Francisco: R&E Research Associates.
Grant County, Oregon. History and Genealogy. 1998. http://www.gesswhoto.com/ Accessed November 2, 2010.
Hagemeier, Heidi. 2004. “Ghosts of Chinatown.” The Bulletin. May 16: C1, C8.
Hann, Don. N.d. "Ah Hee Diggings." https://exploringapaheritage.com/ Accessed April 23, 2019.
_______. N.d. "Ah Heng Placer Mine." https://exploringapaheritage.com/ Accessed January 27, 2022.
_______. N.d. "Ah Yee Placer Mine." https://exploringapaheritage.com/ Accessed January 15, 2022.
“Lung On (1863-1940).” Oregon Encyclopedia.
http://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/ Accessed March
6, 2021.
Mariner, Cosmos. 2018. "Kam Wah Chung Building." https://www.hmdb.org/ Accessed January 12, 2022.
Mariner, Cosmos. 2018. "Kam Wah Chung Building." https://www.hmdb.org/ Accessed January 12, 2022.
McConnell, Gregory. 1979. “An Historical Geography of the Chinese in Oregon.”
Masters thesis. University of Oregon.
Ooligan Press and Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association. 2007. Dreams of the West. Portland, Oregon: Ooligan Press, Portland State University.
Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. 2009. Kam Wah Chung Draft Plan. http://www.oregon.gov/ Accessed November 29, 2010.
Ortnan, Matthew. N.d. "Eng Hay and Lung On Gravesite." https://exploringapaheritage.com/ Accessed January 17, 2022.
Ooligan Press and Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association. 2007. Dreams of the West. Portland, Oregon: Ooligan Press, Portland State University.
Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. 2009. Kam Wah Chung Draft Plan. http://www.oregon.gov/ Accessed November 29, 2010.
Ortnan, Matthew. N.d. "Eng Hay and Lung On Gravesite." https://exploringapaheritage.com/ Accessed January 17, 2022.
Parks, Annette White. 1985. “Emmet White; Reminiscences of a Rimrocker, Part
IV.” Oregon Historical Quarterly. Vol. 86, Summer.
Powell, Linda. 1990. Asian Americans in Oregon. Corvallis, Oregon: Agricultural Fiscal and Personnel Services, Oregon State University.
“Recreational Opportunities. Blue Mountains Scenic Bypass.” U.S. Forest Service, Umatilla National Forest. http://www.fs.fed.us/ Accessed December 13, 2010.
Steeves, Laban R. 1984. “Chinese Gold Miners of Northeastern Oregon, 1862-1900.” Masters thesis. University of Oregon.
Wagner, N.S. 1945. Middle Fork of the John Day Placers. Oregon Division of Geology and Mines Information File Report.
U.S.G.S. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Big Weasel Spring, Oregon, 1998.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Dixie Meadows, Oregon, 1996.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Courthouse Rock, Oregon, 1980.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Granite, Oregon, 1995.
_______. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, Boulder Butte, Oregon, 1995.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, John Day, Oregon, 1995.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Kelsay Butte, Oregon, 1995.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Little Baldy Mountain, Oregon, 1998.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Monument, Oregon, 1995.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Mount Vernon, Oregon, 1998.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Olive Lake, Oregon, 1980.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Prairie City, Oregon, 1996.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Rock Creek, Oregon, 1984.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Silver Butte, Oregon, 1980.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Suplee Butte, Oregon, 1992.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Susanville, Oregon, 1999.
_______. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Trout Meadows, Oregon, 1995.
_______. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, Turner Mountain, Oregon, 1980.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Vinegar Hill, Oregon, 1995.
Wegars, Priscilla. 1995. The Ah Hee Diggings: Final Report of the Archaeological Investigations at OR-GR-16, the Granite, Oregon “Chinese Walls” Site, 1992-1994. Moscow, Idaho: University of Idaho Anthropology Reports.
Powell, Linda. 1990. Asian Americans in Oregon. Corvallis, Oregon: Agricultural Fiscal and Personnel Services, Oregon State University.
“Recreational Opportunities. Blue Mountains Scenic Bypass.” U.S. Forest Service, Umatilla National Forest. http://www.fs.fed.us/ Accessed December 13, 2010.
Steeves, Laban R. 1984. “Chinese Gold Miners of Northeastern Oregon, 1862-1900.” Masters thesis. University of Oregon.
Wagner, N.S. 1945. Middle Fork of the John Day Placers. Oregon Division of Geology and Mines Information File Report.
U.S.G.S. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Big Weasel Spring, Oregon, 1998.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Dixie Meadows, Oregon, 1996.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Courthouse Rock, Oregon, 1980.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Granite, Oregon, 1995.
_______. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, Boulder Butte, Oregon, 1995.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, John Day, Oregon, 1995.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Kelsay Butte, Oregon, 1995.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Little Baldy Mountain, Oregon, 1998.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Monument, Oregon, 1995.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Mount Vernon, Oregon, 1998.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Olive Lake, Oregon, 1980.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Prairie City, Oregon, 1996.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Rock Creek, Oregon, 1984.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Silver Butte, Oregon, 1980.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Suplee Butte, Oregon, 1992.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Susanville, Oregon, 1999.
_______. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Trout Meadows, Oregon, 1995.
_______. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, Turner Mountain, Oregon, 1980.
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Vinegar Hill, Oregon, 1995.
Wegars, Priscilla. 1995. The Ah Hee Diggings: Final Report of the Archaeological Investigations at OR-GR-16, the Granite, Oregon “Chinese Walls” Site, 1992-1994. Moscow, Idaho: University of Idaho Anthropology Reports.
“Wild Granite Chinese Walls Historic Site.” T8S Range 351/2 east of Willamette Meridian, Oregon. http://www.blm.gov/ Accessed December 15, 2010.